Ebstein's Anomaly and its Repercussions on the Life of the Neonate: An Integrative Review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Ebstein's Anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart pathology that affects 1 in every 20,000 infants. Younger individuals are more susceptible to developing the disease in a serious way, which can pose major risks to their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to describe the repercussions that affect the life of the newborn resulting from Ebstein's Anomaly. METHOD: This is an integrative review of the literature, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, in which an analysis of articles published in the IBECS, SciELO, PUBMED and Cochrane databases was carried out in the last 10 years (2012-2022). After analyzing and screening the articles, 16 publications were selected for the construction of the writing. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: EA is characterized by anatomical changes to the tricuspid valve, which include the displacement of its posterior and septal valves, their adhesion to the heart muscle and the removal of the valve ring from its original position. It causes serious symptoms such as: low birth weight, presence of other heart abnormalities or underlying medical conditions, increased risk of early mortality. CONCLUSION: Therefore, Ebstein's Anomaly has a significant impact on neonatal health, presenting high mortality in the first days of life. However, there are therapeutic management models with good prospects, even for severe cases, if diagnosed early.