Desenvolvimento de um módulo didático para estudo de desalinhamento de eixos

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a didactic module for the simulating the detection of shaft misalignment in rotating machines, intending to study the effects of misalignment on the vibrations generated in the system. The module was built on an aluminum bench, consisting of coupled shafts and bearings mounted on both fixed and movable bases, allowing the simulation of distinct types of misalignments: angular, parallel, and combined. Detection was conducted through vibration analysis, using accelerometers and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which enabled the identification of specific vibration patterns for each type of misalignment. The system also included the implementation of alarms based on the 3dB evaluation methodology to signal critical misalignment levels. The results showed that misalignment directly affects the vibration amplitudes in the first and second harmonics, validating the effectiveness of the proposed detection method and contributing to the teaching of predictive maintenance and fault diagnosis in rotating systems.