Análise dos fatores associados ao aumento do risco cardiovascular em mulheres no período menopausa: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the increased cardiovascular
risk in women during the menopausal period. To achieve this, an Integrative Literature
Review methodology was adopted. The search in the Virtual Health Library and the
National Library of Medicine's databases was conducted using the Health Sciences
Descriptors "climacteric," "risk factors," "menopause," and "cardiovascular risk." After
applying the inclusion criteria, 85 articles were initially selected, resulting in a final
sample of ten studies published between 2019 and September 2024. The selected
articles were in English and Portuguese, with the year 2023 showing the highest number
of publications, mostly with a qualitative approach. The analysis revealed that the
transition to menopause is marked by hypoestrogenism, contributing to the increased
prevalence of cardiovascular diseases during this period. Additionally, late menarche
and prolonged use of contraceptives were also associated with elevated risk. Hormone
replacement therapy may be beneficial but should be individualized. It is concluded that
healthy habits, trained professionals, and female awareness of preventive care are
essential for promoting cardiovascular health.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk. Climateric. Risk factors. Menopause.