Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age: An Integrative Review on Risk Factors, Prevention and Diagnosis

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The high incidence and mortality associated with the disease justify the need for effective preventive measures, such as HPV vaccination and regular screening. This study is justified by the need to assess the incidence of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age, scoring, along with other factors, the chances of developing the disease. To this end, this integrative review analyzed risk factors, impact of vaccination, effectiveness of screening programs, and barriers to early diagnosis. The studies reviewed showed that vaccination significantly reduces the prevalence of oncogenic HPV, while early screening, including Pap smear and HPV DNA tests, is essential for detecting precursor lesions. Combined vaccination strategies, accessible screening, and effective public policies are essential for the elimination of cervical cancer.