Estudo de prevalência e perfil de sensibilidade de infecções por Acinetobacter baumannii em unidades de saúde do município de Teresina-PI

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CRAB) such as Acinetobacter baumannii, poses a serious public health challenge due to limited therapeutic options. This study assessed the prevalence, infection sites, and resistance profile of A. baumannii in healthcare facilities in Teresina, PI. Data were obtained from the GAL system, utilized by the Central Laboratory of Piauí (LACEN-PI), covering the period from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2024. Among 12,956 isolates, 926 tested positive for A. baumannii. The results identified the pathogen as the third most prevalent member of the "ESKAPE" group in the municipality, with higher frequencies in respiratory and urinary tract infections. Young female patients were the most affected demographic. A significant increase in resistance to aminoglycosides was observed, with rates exceeding 50% for gentamicin and amikacin, alongside a notable rise in sulfonamide resistance. Carbapenem resistance remained consistently high, with no significant changes over the study period. Less than 1% of CRAB strains were phenotypically characterized. These findings underscore the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance programs and hospital infection control measures. Future studies should prioritize phenotypic monitoring to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant strains.