Epidemiological Profile of Leprosy Cases in the Macro-Region of Paraíba

Abstract

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic, transmissible, curable infectious disease of compulsory notification, with higher incidence among populations in situations of social vulnerability. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of leprosy cases in the macro-regions of Paraíba. Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive, and quantitative study, of an exploratory and documentary nature, carried out with data from the three macro-regions of the state referring to 2015–2024. The information was obtained through DATASUS, using the database of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. The analysis was performed based on quantitative procedures, considering the epidemiological context. As it used public data, there was no need for submission to the Research Ethics Committee. Results and Discussion: During the analyzed period, 5,790 cases of leprosy were reported in Paraíba, with greater concentration in regions with high population density, especially in the capital, João Pessoa. There was a predominance of cases among male individuals, self-declared brown, aged between 20 and 59 years. The most frequent clinical forms were multibacillary, especially the dimorphic form. Conclusion: These findings contribute to guiding health actions aimed at the control and prevention of leprosy, especially in the most affected regions and groups.