Influência de intervenções redutoras de peso sobre a microbiota intestinal e parâmetros metabólicos em adultos com obesidade: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The modulation of the gut microbiota has gained prominence as an essential element for understanding the mechanisms involved in obesity and its metabolic alterations. This study presents an integrative literature review aimed at analyzing how different nutritional interventions for weight loss influence microbial composition and impact metabolic and inflammatory markers, as well as insulin sensitivity. The search was conducted in electronic databases, considering studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated diet, gut microbiota, and metabolic parameters. The results show that carbohydrate-restricted diets, ketogenic approaches, and strategies of temporal organization of meals are capable of significantly modifying the gut microbiota, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal barrier integrity, and reducing inflammatory markers. In post-bariatric individuals, a more modest metabolic effect was observed, possibly due to structural and hormonal changes resulting from surgery. It is concluded that the microbiota acts as an axis connecting diet, metabolism, and inflammation, reinforcing the importance of personalized nutritional interventions in clinical practice.