Análise temporal e fatores associados às crises de anemia falciforme em crianças e adolescentes no Nordeste do Brasil (2015–2024)

Resumen

Sickle cell anemia with crisis (SCA-C) is a major public health concern, particularly in regions with a high proportion of Afro-descendant populations, such as Northeast Brazil, where socioeconomic inequalities and limited access to health services may influence the occurrence of clinical episodes. This study aimed to analyze temporal trends in SCA-C crises among children and adolescents in Northeast Brazil from 2015 to 2024. This is an observational, quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study based on secondary data extracted from the Primary Health Care Information System (SISAB), made available by the Brazilian Unified Health System Information Technology Department (DATASUS) through the TabNet platform. Records of outpatient visits and notifications of SCA-C were included, identified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: D57.0). A total of 2,261 records were identified during the study period, with 52.63% corresponding to males and 47.37% to females, and a balanced distribution between the 0–9 and 10–18 age groups. Poisson regression analysis showed a significant association between male sex and the occurrence of crises, while temporal trend analysis demonstrated a marked increasing trend in notifications, with an annual percent change of 62.58%. In conclusion, continuous monitoring of SCA-C, along with strengthened prevention strategies, neonatal screening, and comprehensive care, is essential to reduce health inequalities and improve care for affected pediatric populations in Northeast Brazil.