Falls in the elderly: clinical repercussions and their main causes

Carlos Henrique Rodrigues Dias, Walder Neto da Silva de Paula, Hemilly Martins Leite, Cleber Queiroz Leite

Abstract

Falls in older adults represent a public health problem due to their association with high morbidity and mortality and functional and psychosocial impacts. Identifying risk factors is essential for implementing effective preventive strategies. This study conducted a literature review in the PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases, applying filters for articles published in the last five years, in Portuguese and English, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized and cross-sectional studies. After screening and eligibility assessment, 19 articles were included in the analysis. The results indicate that falls in older adults are related to several factors, including clinical conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, as well as behavioral factors, such as medication use and physical activity. In addition, psychosocial aspects, such as depression and social isolation, were also identified as potential influencers on the risk of falls. The review highlighted the multifactorial nature of this problem, evidencing the need for integrated approaches to prevention, considering not only physical and clinical aspects, but also psychosocial factors. Personalized strategies can contribute to reducing the incidence of falls and improving the quality of life of the elderly population.