Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com varicela no brasil nos anos de 2019 a 2023 e a relação com a vacinação

Augustha Patz da Silva, Diane Gabrieli Tonin, Cintia Bassani, Luciana Kase Tanno

Abstract

Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is highly contagious and poses significant risks to vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The introduction of the vaccine into Brazil’s National Immunization Program (PNI) significantly reduced severe cases; however, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted vaccination campaign adherence. This study analyzed the epidemiological profile of varicella patients in Brazil between 2019 and 2023, using a quantitative approach and data from DATASUS. A total of 51,073 new cases were reported during the period, with an average detection rate of 4.86 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, peaking in 2019. The predominant profile included male individuals aged 1 to 4 years, of mixed race, and residing in the Northeast region. Despite a decline in incidence over the years, the pandemic hindered vaccination coverage, highlighting challenges in disease control. This study underscores the importance of vaccination in preventing complications and emphasizes the need for coordinated and continuous  efforts to sustain high vaccination coverage. Healthcare professionals and policymakers must invest in strategies to improve vaccine adherence, protecting vulnerable groups and advancing public health.