Resistência bacteriana a antimicrobianos sob a perspectiva One Health: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Letícia Dickmann, Ana Paula Dalmagro

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance (AR) represents one of the greatest public health challenges, hindering the treatment of infections and increasing global morbidity and mortality. This phenomenon arises from bacterial adaptation to antimicrobial use, while the development of new drugs fails to keep pace with the rapid emergence of resistant strains. In this context, the One Health perspective has gained prominence by recognizing the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment. This integrative review compiled 12 articles from PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, selected using the descriptors “antibiotic resistance,” “One Health,” “food,” “water,” and “environment.” The studies, conducted in countries such as Brazil, India, South Africa, China, and Italy, reported pathogenic resistant bacteria—mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aeromonas spp.—in animal-derived food, water, and human and animal fecal samples. The antibiotic classes most frequently associated with resistance were β-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides. The findings highlight the importance of the One Health approach to understanding AR dissemination pathways and supporting monitoring and control strategies, which are essential to mitigating its global impact.